ABSTRACT
We study whether the onset of the COVID-19 crisis affected the program choices of high school applicants in Sweden. Our analysis exploits the fact that the admission process consists of two stages: a preliminary round in which applicants initially rank programs in order of preference and a final round in which they can alter their preliminary rankings. In 2020, the timing of the two rounds happened to provide a unique pre- and post-crisis snapshot of applicants' field-of-study choices. Using school-level data on applicants' top-ranked programs for all admission rounds between 2016 and 2020, we implement a difference-in-differences method to identify the immediate effect of the crisis on demand for programs. We find no change in demand for academic programs, but a decline in top-ranked applications to some of the vocational programs. The declines are most pronounced and robust for programs related to the Accommodation and Food Services sector, which was the most adversely affected industry during the crisis. This finding suggests that labor market considerations influence the study choices made by relatively young students.
ABSTRACT
We study whether the onset of the COVID-19 crisis affected the program choices of high school applicants in Sweden. Our analysis exploits the fact that the admission process consists of two stages: a preliminary round in which applicants initially rank programs in order of preference and a final round in which they can alter their preliminary rankings. In 2020, the timing of the two rounds happened to provide a unique pre- and post-crisis snapshot of applicants' field-of-study choices. Using school-level data on applicants' top-ranked programs for all admission rounds between 2016 and 2020, we implement a difference-in-differences method to identify the immediate effect of the crisis on demand for programs. We find no change in demand for academic programs, but a decline in top-ranked applications to some of the vocational programs. The declines are most pronounced and robust for programs related to the Accommodation and Food Services sector, which was the most adversely affected industry during the crisis. This finding suggests that labor market considerations influence the study choices made by relatively young students.
ABSTRACT
Background: Limited data exists on the thrombosis risk in pediatric patients hospitalized with COVID-19 or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). Aims: Describe clinical characteristics and risk factors of thrombosis in pediatric patients diagnosed with COVID-19/MIS-C. Methods: Reviewed a single-center IRB approved registry of patients (<21 years) hospitalized for COVID-19/MIS-C during March 1, 2020-March 1, 2021. Results: 276 patients were admitted with COVID -19/MIS-C. Demographic and hemostasis markers for each disease subtype are reported in Table 1. Prolonged prothrombin time was the most common coagulation defect and D-dimer ≥ 5 FEU was more common in MIS-C than COVID-19. There were 13 patients with thrombotic complications (4.71%): 7 deep venous thrombosis (DVT), 4 superficial vein thrombosis, 2 pulmonary embolism (PE), 1 arterial ischemic stroke (AIS), and 1 cerebral sinus vein thrombosis (CSVT). Two patients had >1 type of thrombosis. Four had thrombosis on admission (1 CSVT, 1 AIS, 1 DVT/PE, 1 PE), 8 had central line or ECMO related thrombosis and 1 patient without central line associated thrombosis had sickle cell disease. Clinical descriptors of thrombotic vs. non-thrombotic events were compared (Table 2). MIS-C occurred in 61.54% of patients that developed thrombosis (group also with higher BNP and procalcitonin levels). Prophylactic anticoagulation was given to patients 13 and older or with additional risk factors per our institutional thrombosis risk score. Seven of the 9 patients that developed thrombosis more than 24 hours after hospitalization (77.78%) were receiving prophylaxis. No prophylaxis was given to 185 patients and only 6 of those developed thrombosis (0.03%). (Table Presented) Conclusions: Although a direct comparison can not be made to reported p ediatric thrombosis in hospitalized patients (0.58%) due to inclusion of patients 18-20 years in our study, our prevalence rate of 4.71% suggests COVID-19/MIS-C should be considered an additional risk factor for pediatric thrombosis.